Cell Biology Lab Report - 1043 Words

BIO-2B06 Cell Biology Lab Report: Cell Adhesion Introduction As Akiyama suggests, cell-Cell interactions with solid substrates is important for their migration, proliferation, differentiation and their anchorage. Cells have the ability to attach or adhere, migrate and spread on a variety of glycoproteins located outside the cell, this occurs due to the presence of specific cell surface receptors, and example being integrins. 1 Integrins, as is again suggested by Akiyama, are non-covalent, heterodimeric glycoproteins that exist in 3 classes and are made up by an alpha and a beta subunit.1 External Structures are linked to the actin cytoskeleton of a cell by integrins. The part of the integrin, which is located in the cytoplasm binds to adaptor molecules that connect the acting filaments inside the cell, while the â€Å"external† part of the integrin, binds to other molecules or ECM’s on the surface of other cells. 2 For a cell to form a junction to another cell the external integrins must adhere to other molecules in other cells a nd this is achieved by assembling a large cytoskeletal apparatus around the molecules that facilitate the adhesion. There are several types of structures that result from cell adhesion, like a desmosome, adherens junction, tight junction, gap junction and hemidesmosome, all illustrated in Image 1 below. 3 In the present, cell-matrix interactions including cell adhesion and the important part that integrins play in it, is the focus ofShow MoreRelatedCell And Molecular Biology Lab Report Essay1826 Words   |  8 PagesCarijo Taro Cell and Molecular Biology Lab September 30, 2015 Cell Motility Lab Report Introduction: Cell movement involves both the interactions between signaling molecules and the structure of the cytoskeleton (Holmes et al., 2012). Tiny hair like structures referred to as cilia are located on the surface of eukaryotic cells. Cilia are most responsible for the movement of cells and can process external signals which coordinate the correct arrangement of the inner organs during the developmentRead MoreSex-Linked Traits Through Meiosis and How It Relates to Genetics.1609 Words   |  7 Pages|Principles of Biology | Copyright  © 2011, 2010, 2008 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course is designed to introduce biology at an entry level by examining the hierarchy that ranges from the fundamentals of cell biology to the physiology of organisms, and the interactions among those organisms in their environment. The topics in this course include cell biology, genetics, molecular biology, evolutionRead MoreThe Branch Of Biology : An Example Of Multinational Influence1304 Words   |  6 Pageslanguage. The diversity of influences endow spontaneity into art, refining its nature. Art such as the science of biology is an example of multinational influence. Biology helps humans understand themselves and the life surrounding them. As a result, it is a duty for humans worldwide to collaborate as a team, study the topic, and build upon the knowledge of biology. The branch of biology is a complex field, so it requires the assistance of nations globally to make it understandable. The study of lifeRead MoreMitosis Lab Report1157 Words   |  5 PagesLife Science Lab. A. Arnold Tuesdays @ 2:30 September 30th, 2011 Lab Report: Nuclear and Cell Division. PART A: Stages of Mitosis in my own words. 1. Interphase: DNA has formed already, but it remains in the simple form of chromatin. Chromatins are structures that are loosely coiled in the cell.3 I also observed during my lab that this was the only stage where I could still see a nucleus and nucleolus intact within the cell; this is because it’s the only stage where the nuclear membrane hasRead MoreStudent Application Essay1742 Words   |  7 Pagesteams of as many as three interns in research projects. I am primary or co-author of five peer-reviewed research papers and have presented at more than ten major conferences in the field of biomedical sciences, including International Society of Stem Cell Research conference. As a biomedical scientist with nine years of research and two years of teaching experiences, and passion for serving academic community, I am well positioned to make Wellesley grow and to contribute to Wellesley’s mission of buildingRead MoreCell Lab Report1076 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿STRUC TURE AND FUNCTION OF LIVING CELLS Name Answer the following questions as you work your way through the lab material typing in your answers. Then submit your completed lab report through the â€Å"Assignment† feature. This lab report is worth 50 points towards your final lab grade. Also, per the Honor Code, this work must be your own. CELLS Using your Biology Textbook answer the following questions. 1. What types of organisms are Prokaryotes? The Prokaryotes are organisms that areRead MoreWhat Are Public Health?1628 Words   |  7 Pagesundergraduate student for an AOC in public health is to study public policy and biology. As a student, you will gain knowledge in both the social science and natural science aspects that are incorporated in Public Health and get prepared for graduate school. WRITING IN NATURAL SCIENCES a. How to Write in Natural Sciences Writing in Natural Sciences is heavily based on lab reports. According to Study Guides and Strategies, lab reports and scientific papers follow this rubric: †¢ Purpose: Persuade others toRead MoreThe Occupational Characteristics of Microbiology761 Words   |  3 Pages Graduating from The University at Albany’s Biology program provides a wide selection of job opportunities upon leaving college. While students have the option of picking from a B.A. or a B.S., the focus of a B.S. in biology has more scientific purposes. Graduation requirements are difficult, but certainly not impossible, requiring 67-68 credits over 4 years. These credits include 36 biology credits, 16 chemistry credits, 8 math credits and 8 physics credits. The job opportunities that becomeRead MoreManipulation And Analysis Of Dna Using Standard Molecular Biology Essay717 Words   |  3 Pages SIB2003 Molecular Biology Practicals Manipulation and analysis of DNA using standard Molecular Biology Techniques. During the course of the next three practical classes you shall be performing a number of techniques in order to isolate and manipulate DNA from bacteria. The practicals are spread over three sessions, the techniques that you will perform are indicated below: Practical 1 Isolation of plasmid DNA from three cultures of E.coli using a method known as the alkaline lysis method. Read MoreLab Report on Measuring the Rate of Conversion of Hydrogen Peroxide using Enzyme Catalysis664 Words   |  3 PagesLab Report on Measuring the Rate of Conversion of Hydrogen Peroxide using Enzyme Catalysis In essence, the main objective was to use chemical titration to measure and then calculate the rate of conversion of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to water and oxygen by using the enzyme catalase. Other purposes of the lab were; to measure the effects of changes of temperature, pH, enzymes concentration, and substrate concentration on rates of an enzyme. The lab was also an opportunity to see a catalyzed reaction

Essay Poverty A Silent Killer - 1050 Words

Poverty is a major issue in our world today where people cannot afford the basic necessities required to survive. Approximately 1.02 billion people go to bed hungry each night. 1 With the world’s population being approximately 6.8 billion this is approximately 17.64% of the worlds population. 2 While trying to earn money to survive, people in poverty are exposed to crowded living conditions which result in an increased exposure to contagious and infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and malaria. 2 The other killer disease associated with poverty is AIDS. 3 The need to earn more money often results in having more kids but with a lack of education about safe sex practices, sexually transmitted diseases run rampant in poverty stricken†¦show more content†¦If we just take a little time out of our day, we can make a huge change in the world just by picking up the phone and sponsoring a child. Instead of sponsoring a child we can make donations to organizations that are taking a stand against poverty. Whether it be a regional organization such as the Ontario Coalition against Poverty or a national organization such as Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere, Inc. the smallest donation can make all the difference. The existence of these organizations leads to the problem where society believes they need to have money to make a difference. Instead of donating money you can make a difference by volunteering with an organization such as Action against Poverty. This organizations main ideas for fighting against poverty are: educating about HIV/AIDS, sanitation and providing water. This is just one such organization that individuals can volunteer with to make a difference. 6 Individual actions are only the preemptive strike in the war against poverty. We only have so much ammunition as individuals but the power we have as a community is like a nuclear bomb. It has the potential to change the way the entire world views poverty and changes how they take a stand against it. As a community we can take part in various fundraising activities to raise money. Universities and high schools usually takeShow MoreRelatedPoverty: The Silent Killer Essay1008 Words   |  5 PagesPoverty, also know as the â€Å"silent killer† (Causes of Poverty), exists in every corner of the world. The death rate of poor children is a staggering number; about 9 million die each year. Some view poverty as people not being able to afford an occupational meal or having to skip a meal to save money. This isn’t true poverty; poverty is where people live on $1.25 or less a day. According to Causes of Poverty, 1.4 billion people live like this. Even more shocking than the last statistic is thatRead MoreHigh Blood Pressure Among African Americans1040 Words   |  5 PagesHigh Blood Pressure Among African Americans Many illness or diseases are known as silent killers because there are no signs or only vague signs of symptoms. These silent killers are deadly; in fact, they gradually consume a person in the early stages. One of those silent killers is High Blood Pressure also known as hypertension. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention defines High Blood Pressure as the force of blood pushing against the walls of your arteries, which carry blood from your heartRead MoreThe Black Men Should Not Be Used For Police Target Practice1104 Words   |  5 PagesMastah but we are far from free. We are given two options: work for a system that works against us or die. Many black people built this great nation with hard labor but the stereotype that black people are lazy serves as an excuse for the large scale poverty my community faces instead of a lack of opportunity. The stereotypes that black people are lazy, and ghetto, and impotent get combined into a caricature. Theses stereotypes are used to justify politically motivated crimes against human beings.Read MoreInjustice, Discrimination and Racism in Obasan by Joy Kogawa and More by Austin Clarke1709 Words   |  7 Pagesand has lived in Canada for many years is still viewed as an immigrant. Although, Naomi and Idora both raise questions on why they don’t belong in the white community, however Idora truly fights back and raises a voice rather than Naomi who is more silent in such discriminations. Naomi was born in Vancouver; British Colombia but always is categorized as a Japanese woman and never accepted as a Canadian because of her physical characteristics and the past history of the war. Due to the war in 1942Read MoreRacism : Black Masculinities : Book Review768 Words   |  4 Pagesracism. However, Alexander claims that mass incarceration is a â€Å"a stunningly comprehensive and well-disguised system of racialized social control that functions in a manner strikingly similar to Jim Crow. The War on Drugs takes place in areas of poverty or poor inner city ghettos and dismantles established communities. Those living in these impoverished communities lack political power and voice. Because the war on drugs does not explicitly target these groups, it is easy to write off those incarceratedRead MoreHomelessness And Its Effects On The West And West754 Words   |  4 PagesRouge area. Homelessness is apparent. There is an abundance of foot or bicycle traffic from both kid s and adults. Businesses are of typical corner stores with no major grocery or retail business. The unemployment rate is 15% in this area and the poverty rate is about 58% from single family homes. (The Greater Baton Rouge Commnity Health Needs Assessment, 2011). The crime rate stays among the higher end when compared to other Baton Rouge neighborhoods. There are many churches and a community centerRead MoreCorruption Of The Saudi Arabia874 Words   |  4 Pagesloss. Moreover, the absent of anti-corruption law to protect the investigators make the investors afraid to investigate in Saudi Arabia. Along with, that will leads to a general weakness in job creation and expands the phenomenon of unemployment and poverty. As what Swaminathan S Anklesaria Aiyar says â€Å"Transparency International We all know that corruption is bad for countries, both morally and in economic terms†. In political terms, corruption leaves a negative impact on the entire political systemRead MoreThe Cat By Tiger Analysis813 Words   |  4 Pagesin the early twentieth century. He is known for writing on American culture and values during the period from 1920-1940. During this time period, the United States was segregated. In rural areas, segregation and racism was the greatest because of poverty. During the time Wolfe’s short story takes place, the United States was likely experiencing the Great Depression. Farming communities were particularly hurt by the depression as the Midwestern farm belt was also experiencing a drought forcing manyRead MoreCorruption Of The Saudi Arabia906 Words   |  4 Pagesmaterial loss. Moreover, the absence of anti-corruption law to protect the investment make the investors afraid to invest in Saudi Arabia. In addition, that will lead to a general weakness in job creation and expand the phenomenon of unemployment and poverty. As Swaminatha n S Anklesaria Aiyar says â€Å"Transparency International We all know that corruption is bad for countries, both morally and in economic terms†. In political terms, corruption leaves a negative impact on the entire political systemRead MoreEssay About War On Drugs In The Philippines924 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"just go ahead and kill† drug addicts, for it would be agonizing if the parents, themselves, of the users would do the killing instead. The country has been celebrating The Purge ever since—but, in this world, it is not only a one-day shindig for the killers. Human Rights Watch research has found that the â€Å"police are falsifying evidence to justify the unlawful killings.† Despite the growing calls and overwhelming clamors for an investigation to the series of killings being done, the president, furthermore

Notes on Frankeinstein Free Essays

How much sympathy does the writer make the reader have for Victor Frankincense? How does she do this? The reader often feels ambivalent towards Victor. The traits that make him a powerful and admirable figure are the same ones that lead to his ruin. His self-contradictions become more frequent as his problems get bigger. We will write a custom essay sample on Notes on Frankeinstein or any similar topic only for you Order Now Our Initial sympathy alters radically once we meet the monster (Victor should feel more remorse for abandoning the monster: his duty to family and humanity should have deed to him helping) but we should not underestimate the foulness of Williams murder. His death is tragic and he dies hoping that another man may succeed where he has failed. Shelley uses irony to help the reader take a critical attitude by using twists In the tale so that Victor’s responses develop him Into a complex and realistic figure. 2. Examine the differences between the male and female characters. What does this tell us about the context? The women are portrayed as virtuous; Caroline Breakout’s kindness towards the poor, her adoption of Elizabeth, the orphans Elizabeth, Justine ND Margaret act as surrogate mothers, Ghats and Sane show gentleness and kindness towards Delayed and Felix. The fathers unlike the mothers, fall in their parental role. The fathers of Clerical, Walton and Safe try to stop their children pursuing their interests. Allophones tyrannical behavior mirrors Victor’s attitude to the monster. Women’s roles at the time were entirely domestic, with assertive behavior seen as ‘unfeminine’. Men had control over women both morally and legally but women were believed to have a duty to bring the finer virtues to a man’s fife particularly through marriage. Trench of women seen In their dialogue, reflecting their beliefs and attitude. Put into supporting roles (as was the reality of their situation) Women’s role in creating life is diminished. 3. Trace the development of the relationship between the monster and Frankincense briefly. Does this help direct the reader’s emotions towards each? The monster is made from many people’s parts. 4. How does Shelley use locations and weather to enhance our understa nding of the novel? There are indoor and outdoor settings. Indoor settings are symbols of mental as well as physical imprisonment. Most outdoor scenes are barren, wild, or desolate. They often symbolism the separation of a character from his fellow beings. Journeys form a pattern. The monster keeps returning to meet Frankincense, a haunting feeling. Victor travels away from his family and returns with new pressures. 5. In what ways is Frankincense a book of emotions and the imagination? Imagination Is the living power and the primary agent of all human perception. Samuel Taylor Coleridge. The Romantics believed that art should have themes of great magnitude which could arouse emotional exhilaration in the audience. Frankincense belongs to 1 OFF stormy and dark settings, satanic imagery and themes of revenge and pursuit. 6. How reliable is Frankincense as a storyteller? Is he biased (duh! ) Victor feels himself to be a victim yet partially aware that his ‘mad scheme’ is also to blame. 7. How does the way the story told, with three narrators, affect the way the reader sees the novel? We are introduced to the characteristics, desires and values of the narrators o we see things from their perspective but we can also question their character. The Chinese box narrative allows us to go deeper into the story as each narrative lets us know more about the different perspective, even if they are biased. This techniques has an effect on our feelings – we change our emotions towards each character as we meet each and have divided sympathies in the final section. There are contrasts and parallels in language, characters and settings. 8. How responsible is Frankincense for his own downfall? How to cite Notes on Frankeinstein, Papers

Evaluate Feminist Views on the Roles and Functions of Religion in Society Today free essay sample

For instance within Islam, it is written in the Quran that ‘men are the protectors maintainers of women because Allah has made one of them to excel the other. ’ Feminists would argue that this example shows how women are forced to be in the expressive role as the men are religiously promoted as the breadwinners in the instrumental role. However functionalists would criticize feminists, by saying that religious institutions should promote traditional gender roles because they are biologically based and bound to occur. However it could be argued that they are a good thing because it is what we are biologically suited to. The other ways in which feminists see religion as being patriarchal can be shown through their ideas on sacred texts. As most religious stories and accounts of events have been written and interpreted by men. When women are portrayed in religious texts they often reflect traditional gender roles for women. We will write a custom essay sample on Evaluate Feminist Views on the Roles and Functions of Religion in Society Today or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page An example would be from Christianity, were there believe that men were made from god and women from men, this could be interpreted as meaning that women are lower than men because they were not made from god. This acts s a patriarchal ideology as it reinforces the idea that women are inferior, at that the main function of religion is to perpetuate patriarchy. However Marxists would argue that the main function of religion is not to legitimize and perpetuate patriarchy but to legitimize capitalism and inequality. However, in earlier religion women have not always been subordinate to men, as Armstrong argues early religions often placed women in the center such as fertility cults. The rise in New Age Movements (NAM’s), which are types of religious movements that are not dominated by men, are appealing to women especially because of that fact. Because of the ability for women to work and have careers they are having less and less time to attend church, this has meant that women are leaving the churches at a faster rate than men. However it doesnt mean they are forfeiting their religion, but shifting it to the NAM’s which can offer them equality and empowerment that the churches and their traditional ideologies cannot offer them. For instance middle class women have freedom to look for spiritual healing as they already have material security. Armstrong also argues that the rise in monotheistic religions, which caused female suppression, is usually based upon on God such as Christianity and Judaism. Christianity for example portrays God as male through the Holy Trinity, The Father, The Son The Holy Spirit. This links in with the idea that religion reflects traditional gender roles and male power. Similarly Saadawi takes the view that it is the development of patriarchal society that has caused religion to promote inequality. As men have interpreted religious ideas in a way to benefit themselves, which has been the case with the rise of monotheistic religions. However Woodhead argues the opposite, as she believes that feminists are incorrect to assume that religion is always patriarchal as this is not true for all religions. Most monotheistic religions are patriarchal but female followers can use these religions to gain more freedom and respect by promoting gender equality through religious forms of feminism; such as Muslim women wearing the Hijab, it empowers the women wearing it because it prevents them from being reduced to sex objects as they are taken more seriously. In conclusion, it is my opinion that feminists, assuming the main function of religion is to perpetuate patriarchy is correct, as the churches do reflect traditional gender roles and due to society being in a stage of modernity, and women having very different roles, it is clear that monotheistic religions such as Christianity do try to perpetuate patriarchy. The most recent example of this is when women were denied the right to become Bishops, in the Church of England, because of the biblical teachings. Thus highlighting that the patriarchal ideology does exist in society today that wants to legitimize and perpetuate traditional gender roles. The strength of the feminist argument is that they explain how religion can be used as a way of maintaining male domination over women through promoting traditional gender roles. However postmodernists would criticize saying that it is unlikely that religion teaching traditional gender roles has a significant impact; this is because in the postmodern world people have less faith in Meta narratives in religion.

English 303 /Logan Essays - American Film Directors, James Foley

English 303 /Logan Essay 4: Compare and Contrast Glengarry Glen Ross + 1; Poems Draft due:Tuesday, December 5. Bring 5 copies to class. Final Due:Thursday, December 7, 11pm, Extended: Friday, December 8, 11pm, via Canvas Length: 2000 words Value:300 points Choose one of the following topics for your essay 4. As always, your essay should argue a specific, debatable interpretation on the topic and not be merely a survey of that topic. Cite evidence from the works to support your claims, and use MLA format. (Glengarry Glen Ross, 1992, dir. James Foley, is available at the ARC Library, and is available for rental via Amazon streaming and YouTube.) Glengarry Glen Ross and The Great Gatsby present what seem to be very different versions of the American Dreambut are they truly so different? Define each work's vision of the Dream (success, failure, self-creation, freedom, and individuality), comparing and contrasting their treatments of this theme. Compare and contrast the gender roles and expectations dramatized in Glengarry Glen Ross and The Great Gatsby or Brokeback Mountain. Both Glengarry Glen Ross and "The Open Boat" depict a small group of men struggling for survival. Compare and contrast the challenges each group confronts, how they deal with them, and the camaraderie and conflict that ensue. (You may also write on this same topic about Glengarry Glen Ross and "The Things They Carried.") Though separated by more than a century, Glengarry Glen Ross and "Bartleby, the Scrivener" depict their respective eras' "common man" working lives. Compare and contrast their conditions, social codes, and values, as well as the price people pay to work in these worlds. Compare and contrast two Poems of the Week (Canvas Modules, analyzing their speakers, themes, and figurative language (metaphor, simile, symbols, et al.). You may also choose to create your own topic, provided it includes Glengarry Glen Ross and one other work from our syllabus. Email me ([emailprotected]) with your topic proposal for approval by Friday, December 1, 11pm, before proceeding.

General Braxton Bragg in the Civil War

General Braxton Bragg in the Civil War Braxton Bragg - Early Life: Born March 22, 1817, Braxton Bragg was the son of a carpenter in Warrenton, NC. Educated locally, Bragg yearned to be accepted by the higher elements of antebellum society. Often rejected as a young man, he developed an abrasive personality that became one of his trademarks. Leaving North Carolina, Bragg enrolled at West Point. A gifted student, he graduated in 1837, ranked fifth in a class of fifty, and was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the 3rd US Artillery. Sent south, he played an active role in the Second Seminole War (1835-1842) and later traveled to Texas following the American annexation. Braxton Bragg - Mexican-American War: With tensions heightening along the Texas-Mexico border, Bragg played a key role in the defense of Fort Texas (May 3-9, 1846). Effectively working his guns, Bragg was brevetted to captain for his performance. With the relief of the fort and the opening of the Mexican-American War, Bragg became part of Major General Zachary Taylors Army of Occupation. Promoted to captain in the regular army in June 1846, he took part in the victories at the Battles of Monterrey and Buena Vista, earning brevet promotions to major and lieutenant colonel. During the Buena Vista campaign, Bragg befriended the commander of the Mississippi Rifles, Colonel Jefferson Davis. Returning to frontier duty, Bragg earned a reputation as a strict disciplinarian and an obsessive follower of military procedure. This reputedly led to two attempts on his life by his men in 1847. In January 1856, Bragg resigned his commission and retired to the life of a sugar planter in Thibodaux, LA. Known for his military record, Bragg became active with the state militia with the rank of colonel. Braxton Bragg - Civil War: Following Louisianas secession from the Union on January 26, 1861, Bragg was promoted to major general in the militia and given command of forces around New Orleans. The following month, with the Civil War about to begin, he was transferred to the Confederate Army with the rank of brigadier general. Ordered to lead Southern troops around Pensacola, FL, he oversaw the Department of West Florida and was promoted to major general on September 12. The following spring, Bragg was directed to bring his men north to Corinth, MS to join General Albert Sidney Johnstons new Army of Mississippi. Leading a corps, Bragg took part in the Battle of Shiloh on April 6-7, 1862. In the fighting, Johnston was killed and command devolved to General P.G.T. Beauregard. After the defeat, Bragg was promoted to general and, on May 6, given command of the army. Shifting his base to Chattanooga, Bragg began planning a campaign into Kentucky with the goal of bringing the state into the Confederacy. Capturing Lexington and Frankfort, his forces began moving against Louisville. Learning of the approach of superior forces under Major General Don Carlos Buell, Braggs army fell back to Perryville. On October 8, the two armies fought to a draw at the Battle of Perryville. Though his men had gotten the better of the fighting, Braggs position was precarious and he elected to fall back through the Cumberland Gap into Tennessee. On November 20, Bragg renamed his force the Army of Tennessee. Assuming a position near Murfreesboro, he fought Major General William S. Rosecranss Army of the Cumberland on December 31, 1862-January 3, 1863. After two days of heavy fighting near Stones River, which saw Union troops repel two major Confederate attacks, Bragg disengaged and fell back to Tullahoma, TN. In the wake of the battle, several of his subordinates lobbied to have him replaced citing the failures at Perryville and Stones River. Unwilling to relieve his friend, Davis, now the Confederate president, instructed the General Joseph Johnston, commander of Confederate forces in the West, to relieve Bragg if he though it necessary. Visiting the army, Johnston found morale to be high and retained the unpopular commander. On June 24, 1863, Rosecrans initiated a brilliant campaign of maneuver which forced Bragg out of his position at Tullahoma. Falling back to Chattanooga, insubordination from his subordinates worsened and Bragg began to find orders being ignored. Crossing the Tennessee River, Rosecrans began pushing into northern Georgia. Reinforced by Lieutenant General James Longstreets corps, Bragg moved south to intercept the Union troops. Engaging Rosecrans at the Battle of Chickamauga on September 18-20, Bragg won a bloody victory and forced Rosecrans to retreat to Chattanooga. Following, Braggs army penned the Army of the Cumberland in the city and laid siege. While the victory allowed Bragg to transfer out many of his enemies, dissent continued to foment and Davis was forced to visit the army to assess the situation. Electing to side with his former comrade, he decided to leave Bragg in place and denounced those generals who opposed him. To save Rosecrans army, Major General Ulysse S. Grant was dispatched with reinforcements. Opening a supply line to the city, he prepared to attack Braggs lines atop heights that surrounded Chattanooga. With Union strength growing, Bragg elected to detach Longstreets corps to capture Knoxville. On November 23, Grant opened the Battle of Chattanooga. In the fighting, Union troops succeeded in driving Braggs men off of Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge. The Union attack on the latter shattered the Army of Tennessee and sent it retreating towards Dalton, GA. On December 2, 1863, Bragg resigned from command of the Army of Tennessee and traveled to Richmond the following February to serve as Davis military advisor. In this capacity he successfully worked to make the Confederacys conscription and logistical systems function more efficiently. Returned to the field, he was given command of the Department of North Carolina on November 27, 1864. Moving through several coastal commands, he was at Wilmington in January 1865, when Union forces won the Second Battle of Fort Fisher. During the fighting, he was unwilling to move his men from the city to aid the fort. With Confederate armies crumbling, he briefly served in Johnstons Army of Tennessee at the Battle of Bentonville and ultimately surrendered to Union forces near Durham Station. Braxton Bragg - Later Life: Returning to Louisiana, Bragg oversaw the New Orleans Waterworks and later became chief engineer for the state of Alabama. In this role he oversaw numerous harbor improvements at Mobile. Moving to Texas, Bragg worked as a railroad inspector until his sudden death on September 27, 1876. Though a brave officer, Braggs legacy was tarnished by his severe disposition, lack of imagination on the battlefield, and unwillingness to follow-up successful operations. Selected Sources Civil War: Braxton BraggCivil War Trust: General Braxton BraggGeneral Braxton Bragg

Terrorist Organization Hezbollah Research Paper

Terrorist Organization Hezbollah - Research Paper Example Similar to Taliban’s rise as an extremist independent organization in the aftermath of the Afghan-Russian war of 1979, Hezbollah too falls in the same category. Taliban emerged as a confrontation group aiming to remove Russian army from invading Afghanistan, with United States and Pakistan providing full military and financial support to them. Likewise, Hezbollah emerged as a consequence of Iranian revolution to back-out Israeli army from invading Lebanon back in 1982, and being backed up heavily by Iran and Syria. The formation of Hezbollah was an asset to the Islamic world, protecting it from invasions and western imperialism. But the view of Hezbollah as a protector is not same to all. Hostility towards Israel and United States has resulted in Hezbollah being declared as a terrorist organization. Before studying the origins of Hezbollah and its future imperatives, along with its hostility towards Israel and United States, one must visually understand the strategic importance of its homeland- Lebanon. Lying in between Syria and Israel, and a gateway to major Muslim countries of the world, Lebanon has a politically strategic location. Lebanon is the center of most of the religious activities that are carried out in the world. Because of intensely political and religious dissections, the circumstances and stability of Lebanon is easy to manipulate. Also Iran’s nuclear program establishment is itself a great threat to Israel (who always has an eye to counter Iran’s powers). However Israel can benefit if it is somehow able to capture Lebanon, as that will bring them one step closer to their ultimate target, Iran. Hezbollah is the leeway of many factors. Most important of which are the religious, military and political tensions in Lebanon. The religious roots of Hezbollah state back to Shia Islamic revival during the 1960’s and 1970’s in Iraq. After returning to Lebanon in 1970’s from Iraq, Najaf educated preachers and students